http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19698019
OBJECTIVE: The effect of phototherapy on tissue repair was determined by aggregating the literature and using statistical meta-analysis to analyze pertinent studies published between 2000 and 2007.
CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that phototherapy is a highly effective form of treatment for tissue repair, with stronger supporting evidence resulting from experimental animal studies than human studies
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20842007
OBJECTIVE: Laser phototherapy has been widely used to relieve pain for more than 30 years, but its efficacy remains controversial. To ascertain the overall effect of phototherapy on pain, we aggregated the literature and subjected the studies to statistical meta-analysis.
CONCLUSION: Laser phototherapy effectively relieves pain of various etiologies; making it a valuable addition to contemporary pain management armamentarium
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19698019
OBJECTIVE: The effect of phototherapy on tissue repair was determined by aggregating the literature and using statistical meta-analysis to analyze pertinent studies published between 2000 and 2007.
CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that phototherapy is a highly effective form of treatment for tissue repair, with stronger supporting evidence resulting from experimental animal studies than human studies
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19473073
OBJECTIVE: Inaccurate measurement and incorrect reporting of dosages are major shortcomings of phototherapy articles. As many as 30% of published reports in the field either lack relevant information needed to determine a dosage or report dosages that are altogether inaccurate. The high prevalence of dosage-related mistakes in published reports suggests that dosage determination errors are common among clinicians and other end-users. This special article is designed to advance understanding of the relevant parameters used in phototherapy for tissue repair and pain relief, particularly among clinicians and others who may not be completely familiar with the technology. I define and discuss five key parameters that influence dosage, including 1) radiant power, 2) radiant energy, 3) power density, 4) energy density, and 5) wavelength, and use hypothetical cases to demonstrate how factors such as beam spot size, size of lesion, mode of treatment (contact, noncontact, or scanning), frequency of treatment, dose per treatment, and cumulative dose affect dosages and treatment outcomes. The potential effects of patient-related factors, such as etiology, pathology, tissue optical density, depth of target tissue, and skin pigmentation are discussed concurrently and strategies are suggested to improve dosage determination.
CONCLUSION: Pending
https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/pho.2006.24.101
OBJECTIVE: In this review, seven studies using photoradiation to treat carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) are discussed: two controlled studies that observed real laser to have a better effect than sham laser, to treat CTS; three open protocol studies that observed real laser to have a beneficial effect to treat CTS; and two studies that did not observe real laser to have a better effect than a control condition, to treat CTS. In the five studies that observed beneficial effect from real laser, higher laser dosages (9 Joules, 12–30 Joules, 32 J/cm2, 225 J/cm2) were used at the primary treatment sites (median nerve at the wrist, or cervical neck area), than dosages in the two studies where real laser was not observed to have a better effect than a control condition (1.8 Joules or 6 J/cm2). The average success rate across the first five studies was 84% (SD, 8.9; total hands = 171). The average pain duration prior to successful photoradiation was 2 years.
CONCLUSION: Photomedicine is a promising new, conservative treatment for mild/moderate CTS cases; It is cost-effective compared to current treatments
http://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/4395
OBJECTIVE: Over the past three decades physicians have used light level laser therapy (LLLT) for the management and the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and have obtained results that calls for further investigations. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of LLLT in treatment of pain symptoms in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy. In this study 60 patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy were matched based on their sex, age, BMI, type of diabetes, duration of diabetes, and duration of pain, and randomized to case and control groups based on their established scores on the visual analog scale (VAS) and the Toronto clinical scoring system (TCSS). Cases received laser therapy with wavelength of 78 nm and 2.5 j/cm2 two times a week, each time for 5 min, for one month. During the same period, controls received sham laser therapy. Comparing the differences between the two groups' VAS and TCSS mean scores before the intervention with that of the 2 weeks and 4 weeks after the intervention we were able to see a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). On the other hand, when we compared their VAS and TCSS mean scores 4 weeks and 2 weeks after the intervention we did not find any statistically significant difference between the two groups. We achieved the same results when we examined cases' and controls' pre and post VAS and TCSS scores independent from each other; no improvement in the assessment based on their 2 and 4 weeks comparisons tests. Laser therapy resulted in improved neuropathy outcomes in diabetic patients who received it relative to the group that received sham therapy, evaluating before and after LLLT assessments.
CONCLUSION: Further studies are needed to test types of lasers, as well as different dosage and exposure levels required in different phase of neuropathic care, so as to obtain reproducible results.
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0js6z1kw
OBJECTIVE: Onychomycosis is a widespread problem. Oral antifungal medications are currently the gold standard of care, but treatment failure is common and oral therapy is contraindicated in many cases. There is a need for effective treatment without the systemic complications posed by oral therapy. Laser and photodynamic therapy may have the potential to treat onychomycosis locally without adverse systemic effects; some small studies have even reported achieving clinical and mycologic cure. However, there is reason for restraint; these therapies are expensive and time-consuming. Furthermore, they may not be covered by insurance and have not been proven effective with randomized, controlled clinical trials.
CONCLUSION: This paper will review current literature regarding the use of laser and photodynamic therapy as potential treatments for onychomycosis.
https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/579379
OBJECTIVE: Recent reviews have indicated that low level level laser therapy (LLLT) is ineffective in lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET) without assessing validity of treatment procedures and doses or the influence of prior steroid injections.
CONCLUSION: LLLT administered with optimal doses of 904 nm and possibly 632 nm wavelengths directly to the lateral elbow tendon insertions, seem to offer short-term pain relief and less disability in LET, both alone and in conjunction with an exercise regimen. This finding contradicts the conclusions of previous reviews which failed to assess treatment procedures, wavelengths and optimal doses.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23709010
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the effects of high intensity laser therapy (HILT) and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the treatment of patients with Bell's palsy. Forty-eight patients participated in and completed this study. The mean age was 43 ± 9.8 years. They were randomly assigned into three groups: HILT group, LLLT group, and exercise group. All patients were treated with facial massage and exercises, but the HILT and LLLT groups received the respective laser therapy. The grade of facial recovery was assessed by the facial disability scale (FDI) and the House-Brackmann scale (HBS). Evaluation was carried out 3 and 6 weeks after treatment for all patients. Laser treatments included eight points on the affected side of the face three times a week for 6 successive weeks. FDI and HBS were used to assess the grade of recovery. The scores of both FDI and HBS were taken before as well as 3 and 6 weeks after treatment. The Friedman test and Wilcoxon signed ranks test were used to compare the FDI and HBS scores within each group. The result showed that both HILT and LLLT significantly improved the recovery of patients with Bell's palsy. Moreover, HILT was the most effective treatment modality compared to LLLT and massage with exercises.
CONCLUSION: Thus, both HILT and LLLT are effective physical therapy modalities for the recovery of patients with Bell's palsy, with HILT showing a slightly greater improvement than LLLT.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19698019
OBJECTIVE: The effect of laser therapy on bone regeneration during osseointegration and bone graft is very controversial. Despite many positive reports of in vitro and in vivo studies and more than 50 randomized clinical trials claiming a positive effect of Photomedicine Therapy, many reports found no significant effect of lasers.
CONCLUSIONS: A positive effect of low-level laser energy on bone regeneration within a certain relationship between dose and output power was found. Photomedicine Therapy stimulates cellular metabolism, increasing protein synthesis and subsequent bone regeneration. A high dose combined with low power, or a low dose combined with high power appears to produce a positive effect.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6181666/
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy of high intensity laser therapy (HILT) on wound surface area in patients with foot ulcers. [Methods] Four databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, the Cochrane library, and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) were searched up to the end of April 2018 to identify relevant studies. Studies were included if they met the following criteria: randomized controlled trial (RCT), assessed the efficacy of HILT in patients with foot ulcers, evaluated wound surface area, and written in English language with available full text. The PEDro scale was used to evaluate the quality of studies. [Results] A total of three RCTs met the inclusion criteria, with two studies of the efficacy of HILT in adult patients with diabetic foot ulcers and one in spina bifida children with neuropathic foot ulcers. According to the PEDro scale assessment, all three studies were rated as a fair quality. All studies found that HILT provided significantly better outcomes compared to sham laser or standard medical therapy.
CONCLUSION: This systematic review suggests that HILT is an effective modality for wound healing in patients with foot ulcers, but further large-scale studies are required to confirm its efficacy.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4281990/
OBJECTIVE: laser therapy, also known as photomedicine, is a treatment that uses low-level lasers or light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to change cellular function and is a clinically well accepted tool in regenerative medicine and dentistry. Considering the variety of laser, exposure, cells and study types, the exact effects of laser therapy seems to be unclear. The aim of this study was to review the data published in the field of the effects of low level laser therapy on proliferation and differentiation of the cells contributing in bone regeneration
CONCLUSION: Low level laser with low-energy density range appears to exert a biostimulatory effect on bone tissue, enhance osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation on cell lines used in in vitro studies. Despite the fact that many researchers have been recently done on the effects of LLLT on different cell lines, without knowing the precise mechanism and effects, we are not able to offer a clinical treatment protocol. This paper is a beginning to help further progress and extend practical use of LLLT in future.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5140828/
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of high intensity laser therapy (HILT) on pain and function in patients with knee osteoarthritis
CONCLUSION: High intensity laser therapy is considered an effective non-surgical intervention for reducing pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis and helping them to perform daily activities.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5468204/
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effects of High Intensity Laser Therapy on pain and function of patients with chronic back pain.
CONCLUSION: In this study, VAS and ODI significantly decreased in a within-group comparison of CPTG and HLTG (p<0.05). In a between-group comparison after the treatment, VAS and ODI of HLTG were significantly lower than CPTG… This study has several limitations. First, the number of subjects was small. The sample only included patients who visited our hospital during one four-week period. Second, we could not perfectly control the daily routine of the subjects. Third, as the treatment duration was short, we could not check the long-term effects. We believe that many new studies on the effects of HILT will be required in order to complement the limitations of this study.
OBJECTIVE: We used statistical meta-analysis to determine the overall treatment effects of laser phototherapy on tissue repair and pain relief.
CONCLUSION: These findings mandate the conclusion that laser phototherapy is a highly effective therapeutic armamentarium for tissue repair and pain relief
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5829029/
OBJECTIVE: The literature has supported the concept of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in bone regeneration as one of the most important applications in oro-maxillofacial reconstructions. However, the fate of the transplanted cells and their effects on the clinical outcome is still uncertain. Photobiomodulation (PBM) plays an important role in the acceleration of tissue regeneration and potential repair. The aim of this in vitro study is to evaluate the effectiveness of PBM with 808 nm diode laser therapy, using a flat-top hand-piece delivery system at a higher-fluence (64 J/cm2) irradiation (1 W, continuous-wave) on bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs).
CONCLUSION: The data prove for the first time that 808 nm diode laser irradiation, delivered by the flat-top hand-piece at the higher-fluence and -power of 64 J/cm2 and 1 W (CW) respectively, promotes BMSCs differentiation toward osteogenesis. Within the limits of our evaluation, our results suggest an additional possible laser effect based on its ability to increase TGFβ synthesis and to facilitate osteoblast differentiation by creating an anti-inflammatory effect on bone marrow stroma cells.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19913903
OBJECTIVE: Neck pain is a common and costly condition for which pharmacological management has limited evidence of efficacy and side-effects. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a relatively uncommon, non-invasive treatment for neck pain, in which non-thermal laser irradiation is applied to sites of pain. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess the efficacy of LLLT in neck pain
CONCLUSION: We show that LLLT reduces pain immediately after treatment in acute neck pain and up to 22 weeks after completion of treatment in patients with chronic neck pain.
OBJECTIVE: A prospective, double-blind, randomized, and controlled trial was conducted in patients with chronic myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) in the neck to evaluate the effects of infrared low level 904 nm Gallium-Arsenide (Ga-As) laser therapy (LLLT) on clinical and quality of life (QoL).
CONCLUSION: This study revealed that short-period application of LLLT is effective in pain relief and in the improvement of functional ability and QoL in patients with MPS.
OBJECTIVE: Neck pain is a common and costly condition for which pharmacological management has limited evidence of efficacy and side-effects. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a relatively uncommon, non-invasive treatment for neck pain, in which non-thermal laser irradiation is applied to sites of pain. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials to assess the efficacy of LLLT in neck pain.
CONCLUSION: We show that LLLT reduces pain immediately after treatment in acute neck pain and up to 22 weeks after completion of treatment in patients with chronic neck pain.
OBJECTIVE: Is low level laser therapy an effective adjuvant intervention for chronic low back pain?
CONCLUSION: In chronic low back pain low level laser therapy combined with exercise is more beneficial than exercise alone in the long term.
OBJECTIVE: The radicular pain caused by disc herniation can be explained by two mechanisms: the compression of the nerve root by the herniated disc or the irritation of the nerve root due to chemical factors. Percutaneous laser disc decompression (PLDD) was introduced for the treatment of lumbar disc hernias in the 1980s. Decompression of the nerve root is assumed to be an effective therapeutic mechanism for PLDD. However, laser irradiation might reduce the chemical factors that cause nerve root irritation by altering intra-disc proteins. We used nerve conduction velocities (NCV) and levels of two chemical factors to evaluate the differences between the two groups in this in vivo study.
CONCLUSION: One of the mechanisms thought to be responsible for PLDD's effectiveness is a decrease in the chemical factors through protein alteration in the intervertebral disc by laser irradiation.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on postoperative trismus and edema after the removal of mandibular third molars.
CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study it can be concluded that LLLT can be beneficial for the reduction of postoperative trismus and swelling after third molar surgery.
OBJECTIVE: Low Power Laser (LPL) seems to enhance the healing of bone defects and fractures. The effect of LPL in other orthopedic areas such as osteointegration of implanted prosthetic bone devices is still unclear. In the present study, 12 rabbits were used to evaluate whether Ga-Al-As (780 nm) LPL stimulation has positive effects on osteointegration. Hydroxyapatite (HA) cylindrical nails were drilled into both distal femurs of rabbits. From postoperative day 1 and for 5 consecutive days, the left femura of all rabbits were given LPL treatment (Laser Group-LG) with the following parameters: 300 Joule/cm2, 1 Watt, 300 Hertz, pulsating emission, 10 minutes. The right femura were sham-treated (Control Group-CG). At 4 and 8 weeks after implantation, histologic and histomorphometric investigations evaluated bone-biomaterial-contact. Histomorphometry showed a higher degree of osteointegration at the HA-bone interface in the LG Group at 4 (p < 0.0005) and 8 weeks (p < 0.001). These preliminary positive results seem to support the hypothesis that LPL treatment can be considered a good tool to enhance the bone-implant interface in orthopedic surgery.
CONCLUSION: These preliminary positive results seem to support the hypothesis that LPL treatment can be considered a good tool to enhance the bone-implant interface in orthopedic surgery
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the attachment, proliferation, differentiation and production of transforming growth factor-ss(1) (TGF-beta(1)) by human osteoblast-like cells (HOB). Cells derived from human mandibular bone were exposed to GaAlAs diode laser at dosages of 1.5 or 3 J/cm(2) and then seeded onto titanium discs. Non-irradiated cultures served as controls. After 1, 3 and 24h, cells were stained and the attached cells were counted under a light microscope. In order to investigate the effect of LLLT on cell proliferation after 48, 72 and 96 h, cells were cultured on titanium specimens for 24h and then exposed to laser irradiation for three consecutive days. Specific alkaline phosphatase activity and the ability of the cells to synthesize osteocalcin after 10 days were investigated using p-nitrophenylphosphate as a substrate and the ELSA-OST-NAT immunoradiometric kit, respectively. Cellular production of TGF-beta(1) was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using commercially available kits. LLLT significantly enhanced cellular attachment (P<0.05). Greater cell proliferation in the irradiated groups was observed first after 96 h. Osteocalcin synthesis and TGF-beta(1) production were significantly greater (P<0.05) on the samples exposed to 3 J/cm(2). However, alkaline phosphatase activity did not differ significantly among the three groups. These results showed that in response to LLLT, HOB cultured on titanium implant material had a tendency towards increased cellular attachment, proliferation, differentiation and production of TGF-beta(1), indicating that in vitro LLLT can modulate the activity of cells and tissues surrounding implant material.
CONCLUSION: These results showed that in response to LLLT, HOB cultured on titanium implant material had a tendency towards increased cellular attachment, proliferation, differentiation and production of TGF-beta, indicating that in vitro LLLT can modulate the activity of cells and tissues surrounding implant material.
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